Wednesday, November 21, 2012

Why Do People Watch Reality Television?


The other members of my family have discovered their latest obsession: reality television. Every night, it seems, they will turn on Netflix and flick over to the latest episode of DC Cupcakes, a truly awful show about a cupcake shop in the capital state fulfilling orders. As I type this, they’re going on their third mental This comes on the heels of their other obsessions like the even more routine Cake Boss or the mental-health tragedy cases of Hoarders: Buried Alive. Their desire to use free time to watch reality television makes absolutely no sense to me.

Cultural critics of reality television have often been dismissed as elitists ignoring the reality of the arts: the pleasure principle. I’m all for pleasure. But they’re watching cupcakes get made. Television could show you literally anything happening in the world right now and they’re showing you some slightly drama-inflated women make cupcakes. And people watch it. Avidly. It’s like some sort of bizarre capitalist fantasy, where the luxury time that we spend our job money supporting is spent on watching other people at their jobs. Marx would have something to say about this.

I’ve been thinking about what motivates the reality TV market. To me, there are some obvious reasons that people watch such counter-intuitively popular shows:

Being better than the profiled characters. Viewers of Honey Boo Boo or Hoarders: Buried Alive get a sense of reinforcement of their own normalcy. I may have some things going bad for me, but hey, at least I’m functioning and have some standards of taste. (Of course, you could argue that the one with less taste is the one who watches tasteless activites, not the one doing them, but there you have it.)

Being worse than the profiled characters. All art- including reality television shows- has an aspect of fantasy to it. The ladies of DC Cupcakes open their show by declaring that they “left their corporate jobs” and “followed their dreams” to start a bakery. Just as a reader of sci-fi dreams how cool it would be to have kickass gadgets, the viewer engages in a happy escapism from a dull corporate life.

Competition. Whatever the context, people enjoy watching competition. I remember how much I got into the one season of American Idol that I watched. To be honest, in my mind, elections play out much like a competitive reality show, but with characters I have stronger feelings about. I would guess that those who watch sports get a similar kick from it.

Redemption. The story of overcoming adversity and immorality and returning to functioning society is just as present in reality television as anywhere. It’s the story of classic poetry, country lyrics, and crime dramas in equal shares. And it’s what viewers of Hoarders and Intervention turn on their TVs to hear.

Morbid curiosity. Here, I’m thinking of shows like Fear Factor. Yes, I remember Fear Factor from when I was in third grade or so. It was that big. The sheer number of emotions inspired by watching a housewife eat roaches blindfolded on a tightrope, with no characters or plot attatched, is enough to keep viewers addicted. Augh! Why? What’s it like? Would I enjoy it? It’s what psychologists talk about as neophilia- the curiosity that brings humans to entertain even the oddest notions and relish it. (Thank you, psychology class.)

Talent. All said, the women of DC Cupcakes are really good at making cupcakes. In the most recent bit I saw, the two were MacGyver-ing a wedding dress from cupcakes and swimming noodles. People just love watching talented people do their thing.

I did a bit of searching and found a few other reasons.

Immorality. In the article “Why America Loves Reality TV” from Psychology Today,[1] psychologist, a group of psychologists claim that fans of reality TV enjoyed watching a lack of personal honor. The survey they cited focused on the TV program Temptation, which focused on people in the process leading up to adultery. Fans of high-quality television like Breaking Bad get some of the same kick from watching Walter White’s descent into methamphetamine-driven madness.

Competition (again). Surveys backed me up on this one- viewers of reality television are more interested in revenge than the average viewer.

Prestige. Prestige is the last thing that comes to my mind in the TV genre that birthed Jersey Shore and Bridalplasty, but viewers of reality television prioritize it higher than average. The psychologists explain that reality television showcases essentially overnight transformations from average person to prestigious superstar, transformations that they can then fantasize about happening to them.

Blending unreality and reality. Going back to fantasy: we can fantasize all we want about magic or sci-fi, but we know they’ll never happen. With reality television, that barrier’s not there. I’m about as likely to build artificial intelligence as I am to win American Idol, but people really don’t understand statistics, and one AI seems a lot more plausible to me if I’ve watched it happen to real people. It’s fantasy, but a much deeper form of fantasy than fiction can provide. Columnist Nicole McDermott points this out in an article on Greatist.[2]

I wonder if reality television could theoretically move up the artistic status ladder and become an occasionally high-brow art. I don’t see any real reason someone couldn’t make a really fascinating reality series, i.e. one actually in touch with reality. It’s got many of the same appealing aspects, just in different capacities.


[1] http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/200109/why-america-loves-reality-tv
[2] http://greatist.com/happiness/why-we-watch-reality-tv/

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